Acquired antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites change over time and cease to respond to drugs to which they were previously susceptible(1). This makes infections more difficult to treat and increases the risk of pathogens spreading, leading to higher mortality. Although the term antimicrobial refers to antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics, this article focuses on issues related to the use of antibiotics in the Brazilian context.