Nickel release from metallic earrings: A survey of the Danish market and validation of the nickel spot test

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articleResearchpeer-review

Background: Exposure to nickel releasing ear piercing jewellery may explain the persistently high prevalence of nickel allergy in Europe. While nickel release from earrings is regulated, field studies show that the regulation is not always respected. More knowledge is needed regarding the risk of piercing exposure including suitable screening methods. Objective: To examine the proportion of earrings on the Danish market that release more nickel than allowed, and to validate the use of the dimethylglyoxime (DMG) test as a screening tool. Methods: A total of 304 earrings were purchased and tested with the DMG test and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The level of nickel release was quantified in a selected subsample of 100 earrings by the European reference test EN 1811. The DMG spot test was validated against EN 1811 at different thresholds. Results: Excessive nickel release according to the European regulation was found in 45 (14.8%) tested earrings. The sensitivity of the DMG test decreased with reduced levels of nickel release (sensitivity of 45.2% at ≥0.2 μg/cm2/week vs 61.1% at >0.5 μg/cm2/week). Conclusion: Excessive nickel release is common in earrings on the Danish market. Because of low sensitivity, the DMG test has limited use in screening of earrings for research but may still be used clinically.

Original languageEnglish
Book seriesContact Dermatitis
Volume85
Issue number2
Pages (from-to)178-185
Number of pages8
ISSN0105-1873
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2021

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

    Research areas

  • contact allergy, DMG, EN 1811, exposure analysis, jewellery, nickel, spot test, XRF

ID: 304281467