Levoketoconazole treatment in endogenous Cushing’s syndrome: extended evaluation of clinical, biochemical, and radiologic outcomes

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  • Maria Fleseriu
  • Richard J. Auchus
  • Yona Greenman
  • Sabina Zacharieva
  • Eliza B. Geer
  • Roberto Salvatori
  • Rosario Pivonello
  • Feldt-Rasmussen, Ulla
  • Laurence Kennedy
  • Michael Buchfelder
  • Beverly M.K. Biller
  • Fredric Cohen
  • Anthony P. Heaney

Objective: This extended evaluation (EE) of the SONICS study assessed the effects of levoketoconazole for an additional 6 months following open-label, 6-month maintenance treatment in endogenous Cushing’s syndrome. Design/Methods: SONICS included dose-titration (150–600 mg BID), 6-month maintenance, and 6-month EE phases. Exploratory efficacy assessments were performed at months 9 and 12 (relative to the start of maintenance). For pituitary MRI in patients with Cushing’s disease, a threshold of ≥2 mm denoted change from baseline in the largest tumor diameter. Results: Sixty patients entered EE at month 6; 61% (33/54 with data) exhibited normal mean urinary free cortisol (mUFC). At months 9 and 12, respectively, 55% (27/49) and 41% (18/44) of patients with data had normal mUFC. Mean fasting glucose, total and LDL-cholesterol, body weight, BMI, abdominal girth, hirsutism, CushingQoL, and Beck Depression Inventory-II scores improved from the study baseline at months 9 and 12. Forty-six patients completed month 12; four (6.7%) discontinued during EE due to adverse events. The most common adverse events in EE were arthralgia, headache, hypokalemia, and QT prolongation (6.7% each). No patient experienced alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase >3× upper limit of normal, Fridericia-corrected QT interval >460 ms, or adrenal insufficiency during EE. Of 31 patients with tumor measurements at baseline and month 12 or follow-up, the largest tumor diameter was stable in 27 (87%) patients, decreased in one, and increased in three (largest increase 4 mm). Conclusion: In the first long-term levoketoconazole study, continued treatment through a 12-month maintenance period sustained the early clinical and biochemical benefits in most patients completing EE, without new adverse effects.

Original languageEnglish
JournalEuropean Journal of Endocrinology
Volume187
Issue number6
Pages (from-to)859-871
Number of pages13
ISSN0804-4643
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2022

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