TY - JOUR

T1 - Electrochemical Screening Spot Test Method for Detection of Nickel and Cobalt Ion Release From Metal Surfaces

AU - Jellesen, Morten S

AU - Olsen, Christian Bang

AU - Ruff, Samine

AU - Spiewak, Radoslaw

AU - Hamann, Dathan

AU - Hamann, Carsten R

AU - White, Ian R

AU - Johansen, Jeanne D

AU - Thyssen, Jacob Pontoppidan

PY - 2018

Y1 - 2018

N2 - BACKGROUND: Present screening methods to rapidly detect release of nickel and cobalt ions from metallic surfaces involve colorimetric dimethylglyoxime (DMG)- and disodium-1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonate-based spot tests with a cotton bud. There is a risk of false-negative test reactions because test outcomes are dependent on the pressure, area, and duration of surface wiping.OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to develop a miniaturized electrochemical device that uses a voltage to accelerate nickel and cobalt release from the tested item and perform an initial validation.METHODS AND RESULTS: A device was built in plastic, and its performance was investigated using 0.5 mL of test solutions of, respectively, DMG and disodium-1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonate. Cotton buds that had been wetted in test solution were pressed against different metal surfaces at various voltages (0-9 V) and a range of test durations (0-120 seconds). Duplicate testing for nickel and cobalt release was also performed on a sample of 163 jewelry items.CONCLUSIONS: This novel electrochemical device makes it possible to perform nickel and cobalt ion release testing without rubbing, thereby reducing interindividual differences in testing technique. The nickel testing with the device seemed to be superior to conventional DMG spot testing.

AB - BACKGROUND: Present screening methods to rapidly detect release of nickel and cobalt ions from metallic surfaces involve colorimetric dimethylglyoxime (DMG)- and disodium-1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonate-based spot tests with a cotton bud. There is a risk of false-negative test reactions because test outcomes are dependent on the pressure, area, and duration of surface wiping.OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to develop a miniaturized electrochemical device that uses a voltage to accelerate nickel and cobalt release from the tested item and perform an initial validation.METHODS AND RESULTS: A device was built in plastic, and its performance was investigated using 0.5 mL of test solutions of, respectively, DMG and disodium-1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonate. Cotton buds that had been wetted in test solution were pressed against different metal surfaces at various voltages (0-9 V) and a range of test durations (0-120 seconds). Duplicate testing for nickel and cobalt release was also performed on a sample of 163 jewelry items.CONCLUSIONS: This novel electrochemical device makes it possible to perform nickel and cobalt ion release testing without rubbing, thereby reducing interindividual differences in testing technique. The nickel testing with the device seemed to be superior to conventional DMG spot testing.

KW - Chemistry Techniques, Analytical

KW - Cobalt/chemistry

KW - Colorimetry

KW - Electrochemical Techniques

KW - Ions/chemistry

KW - Jewelry/analysis

KW - Mass Screening

KW - Metals/chemistry

KW - Nickel/chemistry

U2 - 10.1097/DER.0000000000000389

DO - 10.1097/DER.0000000000000389

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 29933257

VL - 29

SP - 187

EP - 192

JO - Dermatitis

JF - Dermatitis

SN - 1710-3568

IS - 4

ER -