TY - JOUR

T1 - Effect of fish oil supplementation in pregnancy on bone, lean, and fat mass at six years

T2 - randomised clinical trial

AU - Vinding, Rebecca Kofod

AU - Stokholm, Jakob

AU - Sevelsted, Astrid

AU - Sejersen, Tobias

AU - Chawes, Bo L

AU - Bønnelykke, Klaus

AU - Thorsen, Jonathan

AU - Howe, Laura D

AU - Krakauer, Martin

AU - Bisgaard, Hans

N1 - Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

PY - 2018

Y1 - 2018

N2 - OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of supplementation with n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) in pregnancy on anthropometry and body composition in offspring.DESIGN: Double blinded, randomised controlled trial.SETTING: Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood2010 cohort.PARTICIPANTS: 736 pregnant women and their offspring.INTERVENTION: n-3 LCPUFA (fish oil) or control (olive oil) daily from pregnancy week 24 until one week after birth.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Height/length, weight, head, and waist measurements and body composition from dual energy x ray absorptiometry (all pre-specified secondary endpoints of the n-3 LCPUFA trial; the primary outcome for the trial was persistent wheeze/asthma).RESULTS: The mean body mass index (BMI) z score was increased between age 0 and 6 years in the fish oil supplementation group compared with the control group (0.14 (95% confidence interval 0.04 to 0.23); P=0.006). At 6 years, supplementation was associated with a higher BMI z score (0.19 (0.06 to 0.32); P=0.004), a higher weight/height (3.48 (0.38 to 6.57) g/cm; P=0.03), and a larger waist circumference (0.6 (0.0 to 1.2) cm; P=0.04) but not a higher proportion of obese children, using International Obesity Task Force grades. The dual energy x ray absorptiometry scan at age 6 years showed a higher total mass (395.4 (86.6 to 704.3) g; P=0.01) in the supplementation versus the control group, explained by a higher lean mass (280.7 (98.9 to 462.4) g; P=0.002), a higher bone mineral content (10.3 (2.3 to 18.1) g; P=0.01), and a non-significantly higher fat mass (116.3 (-92.9 to 325.5) g; P=0.28), but no differences were seen in total body fat or lean mass percentage.CONCLUSION: Fish oil supplementation from the 24th week of pregnancy led to a higher BMI in the offspring from 0 to 6 years of age but not an increased risk of obesity at age 6. The body composition at age 6 years in children given fish oil supplementation was characterised by a proportional increase in lean, bone, and fat mass suggesting a general growth stimulating effect of n-3 LCPUFA.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00798226.

AB - OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of supplementation with n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) in pregnancy on anthropometry and body composition in offspring.DESIGN: Double blinded, randomised controlled trial.SETTING: Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood2010 cohort.PARTICIPANTS: 736 pregnant women and their offspring.INTERVENTION: n-3 LCPUFA (fish oil) or control (olive oil) daily from pregnancy week 24 until one week after birth.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Height/length, weight, head, and waist measurements and body composition from dual energy x ray absorptiometry (all pre-specified secondary endpoints of the n-3 LCPUFA trial; the primary outcome for the trial was persistent wheeze/asthma).RESULTS: The mean body mass index (BMI) z score was increased between age 0 and 6 years in the fish oil supplementation group compared with the control group (0.14 (95% confidence interval 0.04 to 0.23); P=0.006). At 6 years, supplementation was associated with a higher BMI z score (0.19 (0.06 to 0.32); P=0.004), a higher weight/height (3.48 (0.38 to 6.57) g/cm; P=0.03), and a larger waist circumference (0.6 (0.0 to 1.2) cm; P=0.04) but not a higher proportion of obese children, using International Obesity Task Force grades. The dual energy x ray absorptiometry scan at age 6 years showed a higher total mass (395.4 (86.6 to 704.3) g; P=0.01) in the supplementation versus the control group, explained by a higher lean mass (280.7 (98.9 to 462.4) g; P=0.002), a higher bone mineral content (10.3 (2.3 to 18.1) g; P=0.01), and a non-significantly higher fat mass (116.3 (-92.9 to 325.5) g; P=0.28), but no differences were seen in total body fat or lean mass percentage.CONCLUSION: Fish oil supplementation from the 24th week of pregnancy led to a higher BMI in the offspring from 0 to 6 years of age but not an increased risk of obesity at age 6. The body composition at age 6 years in children given fish oil supplementation was characterised by a proportional increase in lean, bone, and fat mass suggesting a general growth stimulating effect of n-3 LCPUFA.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00798226.

KW - Absorptiometry, Photon

KW - Adult

KW - Body Mass Index

KW - Bone Density/drug effects

KW - Bone Development/drug effects

KW - Child

KW - Dietary Supplements

KW - Double-Blind Method

KW - Fatty Acids, Omega-3/administration & dosage

KW - Female

KW - Fish Oils/administration & dosage

KW - Humans

KW - Infant

KW - Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena

KW - Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena

KW - Pregnancy

KW - Prenatal Care

KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects

KW - Prospective Studies

U2 - 10.1136/bmj.k3312

DO - 10.1136/bmj.k3312

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 30181143

VL - 362

SP - 1

EP - 9

JO - The BMJ

JF - The BMJ

SN - 0959-8146

M1 - k3312

ER -