Anogenital Distance in Healthy Infants: Method-, Age- and Sex-related Reference Ranges
Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
Standard
Anogenital Distance in Healthy Infants : Method-, Age- and Sex-related Reference Ranges. / Fischer, Margit Bistrup; Ljubicic, Marie Lindhardt; Hagen, Casper P.; Thankamony, Ajay; Ong, Ken; Hughes, Ieuan; Jensen, Tina Kold; Main, Katharina M.; Petersen, Jørgen Holm; Busch, Alexander S.; Upners, Emmie N.; Sathyanarayana, Sheela; Swan, Shanna H.; Juul, Anders.
In: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Vol. 105, No. 9, 2020, p. 2996-3004.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
Harvard
APA
Vancouver
Author
Bibtex
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
T1 - Anogenital Distance in Healthy Infants
T2 - Method-, Age- and Sex-related Reference Ranges
AU - Fischer, Margit Bistrup
AU - Ljubicic, Marie Lindhardt
AU - Hagen, Casper P.
AU - Thankamony, Ajay
AU - Ong, Ken
AU - Hughes, Ieuan
AU - Jensen, Tina Kold
AU - Main, Katharina M.
AU - Petersen, Jørgen Holm
AU - Busch, Alexander S.
AU - Upners, Emmie N.
AU - Sathyanarayana, Sheela
AU - Swan, Shanna H.
AU - Juul, Anders
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - Context: The use of anogenital distance (AGD) in clinical and epidemiological settings is increasing; however, sex-specific reference data on AGD and data on longitudinal changes in AGD in children is scarce.Objective: To create age-, sex-, and method-related reference ranges of AGD in healthy boys and girls aged 0-24 months, to assess the age-related changes in AGD and to evaluate the 2 predominantly used methods of AGD measurement.Design: The International AGD consortium comprising 4 centers compiled data from 1 cross-sectional and 3 longitudinal cohort studies (clinicaltrials.gov [NCT02497209]).Setting: All data were collected from population-based studies, recruiting from 4 maternity or obstetric centers (United States, Cambridge [United Kingdom], Odense, and Copenhagen [Denmark]).Subjects: This study included a total of 3705 healthy, mainly Caucasian children aged 0-24 months on whom 7295 measurements were recorded.Main Outcome Measures: AGD(AS) (ano-scrotal), AGD(AF) (ano-fourchette), AGD(AP) (ano-penile), AGD(AC) (ano-clitoral), AGD body size indices (weight, body mass index [BMI], body surface area, and length), and intra- and interobserver biases.Results: We created age-specific reference ranges by centers. We found that AGD increased from birth to 6 months of age and thereafter reached a plateau. Changes in AGD/BMI during the first year of life were minor (0-6% and 0-11% in boys and girls, respectively).Conclusions: Reference ranges for AGD can be used in future epidemiological research and may be utilized clinically to evaluate prenatal androgen action in differences-in-sex-development patients. The increase in AGD during the first year of life was age-related, while AGD/BMI was fairly stable. The TIDES and Cambridge methods were equally reproducible.
AB - Context: The use of anogenital distance (AGD) in clinical and epidemiological settings is increasing; however, sex-specific reference data on AGD and data on longitudinal changes in AGD in children is scarce.Objective: To create age-, sex-, and method-related reference ranges of AGD in healthy boys and girls aged 0-24 months, to assess the age-related changes in AGD and to evaluate the 2 predominantly used methods of AGD measurement.Design: The International AGD consortium comprising 4 centers compiled data from 1 cross-sectional and 3 longitudinal cohort studies (clinicaltrials.gov [NCT02497209]).Setting: All data were collected from population-based studies, recruiting from 4 maternity or obstetric centers (United States, Cambridge [United Kingdom], Odense, and Copenhagen [Denmark]).Subjects: This study included a total of 3705 healthy, mainly Caucasian children aged 0-24 months on whom 7295 measurements were recorded.Main Outcome Measures: AGD(AS) (ano-scrotal), AGD(AF) (ano-fourchette), AGD(AP) (ano-penile), AGD(AC) (ano-clitoral), AGD body size indices (weight, body mass index [BMI], body surface area, and length), and intra- and interobserver biases.Results: We created age-specific reference ranges by centers. We found that AGD increased from birth to 6 months of age and thereafter reached a plateau. Changes in AGD/BMI during the first year of life were minor (0-6% and 0-11% in boys and girls, respectively).Conclusions: Reference ranges for AGD can be used in future epidemiological research and may be utilized clinically to evaluate prenatal androgen action in differences-in-sex-development patients. The increase in AGD during the first year of life was age-related, while AGD/BMI was fairly stable. The TIDES and Cambridge methods were equally reproducible.
KW - anogenital distance
KW - reference ranges
KW - endocrine disrupting chemicals
KW - disorders of sexual development
KW - ANDROGEN EXPOSURE
KW - COHORT
KW - PREGNANCY
KW - NEWBORNS
KW - DETERMINANTS
KW - HYPOSPADIAS
KW - GROWTH
KW - LENGTH
KW - RATIO
U2 - 10.1210/clinem/dgaa393
DO - 10.1210/clinem/dgaa393
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 32574349
VL - 105
SP - 2996
EP - 3004
JO - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
JF - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
SN - 0021-972X
IS - 9
ER -
ID: 250112918