Visualization of a pharmaceutical unit operation: wet granulation
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Visualization of a pharmaceutical unit operation : wet granulation. / Jørgensen, Anna Cecilia; Rantanen, Jukka; Luukkonen, Pirjo; Laine, Sampsa; Yliruusi, Jouko.
In: Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 76, No. 18, 15.09.2004, p. 5331-8.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Visualization of a pharmaceutical unit operation
T2 - wet granulation
AU - Jørgensen, Anna Cecilia
AU - Rantanen, Jukka
AU - Luukkonen, Pirjo
AU - Laine, Sampsa
AU - Yliruusi, Jouko
PY - 2004/9/15
Y1 - 2004/9/15
N2 - Recent developments in the field of process engineering and manufacturing sciences enable a new level of process understanding. However, extracting this understanding from increasing amounts of information is challenging. The aim of this study was to create a process vector from a model process describing all relevant information and, by that means, create a tool for combining and visualizing this information. Physical (impeller torque and temperature) and chemical (near-infrared spectroscopy) information from a small-scale high-shear granulation was used in the process vector. The vectors created were visualized by two different methods: principal component analysis (PCA) and the self-organizing map (SOM). None of the individual measurement techniques were able to describe the state of the process alone, although they provided important information about the process. By combining the data and visualizing it, an overview could be achieved. The SOM approach had two advantages over the PCA: it presented the results in terms of the original variables and enabled the analysis of nonlinear responses. However, both visualization methods could be used to describe the progress of the process and to increase the level of process understanding.
AB - Recent developments in the field of process engineering and manufacturing sciences enable a new level of process understanding. However, extracting this understanding from increasing amounts of information is challenging. The aim of this study was to create a process vector from a model process describing all relevant information and, by that means, create a tool for combining and visualizing this information. Physical (impeller torque and temperature) and chemical (near-infrared spectroscopy) information from a small-scale high-shear granulation was used in the process vector. The vectors created were visualized by two different methods: principal component analysis (PCA) and the self-organizing map (SOM). None of the individual measurement techniques were able to describe the state of the process alone, although they provided important information about the process. By combining the data and visualizing it, an overview could be achieved. The SOM approach had two advantages over the PCA: it presented the results in terms of the original variables and enabled the analysis of nonlinear responses. However, both visualization methods could be used to describe the progress of the process and to increase the level of process understanding.
KW - Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
KW - Principal Component Analysis
KW - Theophylline
KW - Torque
U2 - 10.1021/ac049843p
DO - 10.1021/ac049843p
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 15362889
VL - 76
SP - 5331
EP - 5338
JO - Industrial And Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition
JF - Industrial And Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition
SN - 0003-2700
IS - 18
ER -
ID: 140623284