TY - JOUR

T1 - Synthesis on the carbon budget and cycling in a Danish, temperate deciduous forest

AU - Wu, J.

AU - Larsen, Klaus Steenberg

AU - van der Linden, L.

AU - Beier, C.

AU - Pilegaard, K.

AU - Ibrom, A.

PY - 2013

Y1 - 2013

N2 - A synthesis of five years (2006–2010) of data on carbon cycling in a temperate deciduous forest, Sorø (Zealand, Denmark) was performed by combining all available data from eddy covariance, chamber, suction cups, and biometric measurements. The net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE), soil respiration, tree growth, litter production and leaching of dissolved inorganic and organic carbon were independently estimated and used to calculate other unmeasured ecosystem carbon budget (ECB) components, based on mass balance equations. This provided a complete assessment of the carbon storage and allocation within the ecosystem. The results showed that this temperate deciduous forest was a moderate carbon sink (258 ± 41 g C m−2 yr−1) with both high rates of gross primary production (GPP, 1881 ± 95 g C m−2 yr−1) and ecosystem respiration (Re, 1624 ± 197 g C m−2 yr−1). Approximately 62% of the gross assimilated carbon was respired by the living plants, while 21% was contributed to the soil as litter production, the latter balancing the total heterotrophic respiration. The remaining 17% were either stored in the plants (mainly as aboveground biomass) or removed from the system as wood yield. The soil organic carbon stock was considered unchanged over the period of observation, given the high degree of uncertainty associated with the small loss detected (33 ± 85 g C m−2 yr−1). The ECB component data were generally consistent, except for one of the derived fluxes, the aboveground autotrophic respiration, which appeared to be higher than expected. The potential causes for this, i.e. underestimation of soil respiration and/or overestimation of Re are discussed. The plausibility analyses reported here, using multiple ECB data sets together with simple mass conservation equations and the evaluation of data consistency on the basis of the estimated residual terms is widely applicable to other experimental sites, even when some of the carbon fluxes and stock changes are not measured independently.

AB - A synthesis of five years (2006–2010) of data on carbon cycling in a temperate deciduous forest, Sorø (Zealand, Denmark) was performed by combining all available data from eddy covariance, chamber, suction cups, and biometric measurements. The net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE), soil respiration, tree growth, litter production and leaching of dissolved inorganic and organic carbon were independently estimated and used to calculate other unmeasured ecosystem carbon budget (ECB) components, based on mass balance equations. This provided a complete assessment of the carbon storage and allocation within the ecosystem. The results showed that this temperate deciduous forest was a moderate carbon sink (258 ± 41 g C m−2 yr−1) with both high rates of gross primary production (GPP, 1881 ± 95 g C m−2 yr−1) and ecosystem respiration (Re, 1624 ± 197 g C m−2 yr−1). Approximately 62% of the gross assimilated carbon was respired by the living plants, while 21% was contributed to the soil as litter production, the latter balancing the total heterotrophic respiration. The remaining 17% were either stored in the plants (mainly as aboveground biomass) or removed from the system as wood yield. The soil organic carbon stock was considered unchanged over the period of observation, given the high degree of uncertainty associated with the small loss detected (33 ± 85 g C m−2 yr−1). The ECB component data were generally consistent, except for one of the derived fluxes, the aboveground autotrophic respiration, which appeared to be higher than expected. The potential causes for this, i.e. underestimation of soil respiration and/or overestimation of Re are discussed. The plausibility analyses reported here, using multiple ECB data sets together with simple mass conservation equations and the evaluation of data consistency on the basis of the estimated residual terms is widely applicable to other experimental sites, even when some of the carbon fluxes and stock changes are not measured independently.

KW - ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS

KW - ALLOCATION

KW - autotrophic

KW - autotrophic respiration

KW - balance

KW - biomass

KW - BUDGET

KW - C

KW - Carbon

KW - CARBON BUDGET

KW - carbon cycling

KW - carbon flux

KW - CARBON STORAGE

KW - chamber

KW - CO2

KW - CONSERVATION

KW - cycling

KW - deciduous

KW - DECIDUOUS FOREST

KW - Denmark

KW - ECOSYSTEM

KW - ECOSYSTEM CARBON

KW - Ecosystem respiration

KW - eddy covariance

KW - EXCHANGE

KW - flux

KW - FLUXES

KW - forest

KW - GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION

KW - GROWTH

KW - heterotrophic

KW - heterotrophic respiration

KW - leaching

KW - litter

KW - MASS-BALANCE

KW - measurement

KW - NEE

KW - NET ECOSYSTEM

KW - net ecosystem exchange

KW - organic carbon

KW - ORGANIC-CARBON

KW - PLANT

KW - plants

KW - potential

KW - production

KW - RATES

KW - respiration

KW - sink

KW - soil

KW - soil respiration

KW - storage

KW - SYSTEM

KW - temperate

KW - TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST

KW - TREE

KW - TREE GROWTH

KW - UNCERTAINTY

KW - YIELD

U2 - 0.1016/j.agrformet.2013.07.012

DO - 0.1016/j.agrformet.2013.07.012

M3 - Journal article

VL - 181

SP - 94

EP - 107

JO - Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

JF - Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

SN - 0168-1923

ER -