Background: In patients who underwent pneumonectomy, pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation by catheter ablation may be complicated by the anatomical alterations caused by the surgical intervention. Pre-and peri-procedural imaging can visualize and guide the procedure to assure safety and procedural success. Case summary: This case series describes different imaging and ablation strategies in three cases from three different ablation centres with the unusually challenging and complex anatomical conditions in patients following lobectomy or pneumonectomy. Discussion: Pulmonary vein isolation in patients with previous pulmonary resection was feasible by both radiofrequency and cryocatheter ablation despite the anatomical alterations caused by the surgery. Pre-and peri-procedural imaging by cardiac computed tomography and transoesophageal echocardiography contributed to an increased understanding of the complex anatomical substrate.