TY - JOUR

T1 - Gaia Early Data Release 3 The Gaia Catalogue of Nearby Stars

AU - Smart, R. L.

AU - Sarro, L. M.

AU - Rybizki, J.

AU - Reyle, C.

AU - Robin, A. C.

AU - Hambly, N. C.

AU - Abbas, U.

AU - Barstow, M. A.

AU - de Bruijne, J. H. J.

AU - Bucciarelli, B.

AU - Carrasco, J. M.

AU - Cooper, W. J.

AU - Hodgkin, S. T.

AU - Masana, E.

AU - Michalik, D.

AU - Sahlmann, J.

AU - Sozzetti, A.

AU - Brown, A. G. A.

AU - Vallenari, A.

AU - Prusti, T.

AU - Babusiaux, C.

AU - Biermann, M.

AU - Creevey, O. L.

AU - Evans, D. W.

AU - Eyer, L.

AU - Hutton, A.

AU - Jansen, F.

AU - Jordi, C.

AU - Klioner, S. A.

AU - Lammers, U.

AU - Lindegren, L.

AU - Luri, X.

AU - Mignard, F.

AU - Panem, C.

AU - Pourbaix, D.

AU - Randich, S.

AU - Sartoretti, P.

AU - Soubiran, C.

AU - Walton, N. A.

AU - Fabricius, C.

AU - Smith, M.

AU - Anderson, R. I.

AU - Gerlach, E.

AU - Hauser, M.

AU - Lindstrom, H. E. P.

AU - Morris, D.

AU - Pagani, C.

AU - Siebert, A.

AU - Stephenson, C. A.

AU - Zhao, H.

AU - Gaia Collaboration

PY - 2021/4/28

Y1 - 2021/4/28

N2 - Aims. We produce a clean and well-characterised catalogue of objects within 100 pc of the Sun from the Gaia Early Data Release 3. We characterise the catalogue through comparisons to the full data release, external catalogues, and simulations. We carry out a first analysis of the science that is possible with this sample to demonstrate its potential and best practices for its use.Methods. Theselection of objects within 100 pc from the full catalogue used selected training sets, machine-learning procedures, astrometric quantities, and solution quality indicators to determine a probability that the astrometric solution is reliable. The training set construction exploited the astrometric data, quality flags, and external photometry. For all candidates we calculated distance posterior probability densities using Bayesian procedures and mock catalogues to define priors. Any object with reliable astrometry and a non-zero probability of being within 100 pc is included in the catalogue.Results. We have produced a catalogue of 331 312 objects that we estimate contains at least 92% of stars of stellar type M9 within 100 pc of the Sun. We estimate that 9% of the stars in this catalogue probably lie outside 100 pc, but when the distance probability function is used, a correct treatment of this contamination is possible. We produced luminosity functions with a high signal-to-noise ratio for the main-sequence stars, giants, and white dwarfs. We examined in detail the Hyades cluster, the white dwarf population, and wide-binary systems and produced candidate lists for all three samples. We detected local manifestations of several streams, superclusters, and halo objects, in which we identified 12 members of Gaia Enceladus. We present the first direct parallaxes of five objects in multiple systems within 10 pc of the Sun.Conclusions. We provide the community with a large, well-characterised catalogue of objects in the solar neighbourhood. This is a primary benchmark for measuring and understanding fundamental parameters and descriptive functions in astronomy.

AB - Aims. We produce a clean and well-characterised catalogue of objects within 100 pc of the Sun from the Gaia Early Data Release 3. We characterise the catalogue through comparisons to the full data release, external catalogues, and simulations. We carry out a first analysis of the science that is possible with this sample to demonstrate its potential and best practices for its use.Methods. Theselection of objects within 100 pc from the full catalogue used selected training sets, machine-learning procedures, astrometric quantities, and solution quality indicators to determine a probability that the astrometric solution is reliable. The training set construction exploited the astrometric data, quality flags, and external photometry. For all candidates we calculated distance posterior probability densities using Bayesian procedures and mock catalogues to define priors. Any object with reliable astrometry and a non-zero probability of being within 100 pc is included in the catalogue.Results. We have produced a catalogue of 331 312 objects that we estimate contains at least 92% of stars of stellar type M9 within 100 pc of the Sun. We estimate that 9% of the stars in this catalogue probably lie outside 100 pc, but when the distance probability function is used, a correct treatment of this contamination is possible. We produced luminosity functions with a high signal-to-noise ratio for the main-sequence stars, giants, and white dwarfs. We examined in detail the Hyades cluster, the white dwarf population, and wide-binary systems and produced candidate lists for all three samples. We detected local manifestations of several streams, superclusters, and halo objects, in which we identified 12 members of Gaia Enceladus. We present the first direct parallaxes of five objects in multiple systems within 10 pc of the Sun.Conclusions. We provide the community with a large, well-characterised catalogue of objects in the solar neighbourhood. This is a primary benchmark for measuring and understanding fundamental parameters and descriptive functions in astronomy.

KW - catalogs

KW - astrometry

KW - stars: luminosity function

KW - mass function

KW - Hertzsprung-Russell and C-M diagrams

KW - stars: low-mass

KW - solar neighborhood

KW - DWARF LUMINOSITY-FUNCTION

KW - CIRCULAR-VELOCITY CURVE

KW - NORTH GALACTIC POLE

KW - SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD

KW - TRIGONOMETRIC PARALLAXES

KW - WIDE BINARIES

KW - MAIN-SEQUENCE

KW - BROWN DWARF

KW - SKY-SURVEY

KW - WHITE-DWARFS

U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/202039498

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/202039498

M3 - Journal article

VL - 649

JO - Astronomy & Astrophysics

JF - Astronomy & Astrophysics

SN - 0004-6361

M1 - A6

ER -