A number of physiological changes, some measurable as changes in biomarkers, have been described in fibromyalgia (FM). These include changes in cytokine serum levels and elevated levels of some neurotransmitters in the cerebrospinal fluid. None of these measurements have been validated for diagnosis or follow-up in FM. It is suggested that non-invasive methods which hold the potential to evaluate the severity of FM and serve as therapy targets should be developed in the future.