TY - CHAP

T1 - Fumarolic minerals

T2 - an overview of active European volcanoes

AU - Balic Zunic, Tonci

AU - Garavelli, Anna

AU - Jakobsson, Sveinn Peter

AU - Jonasson, Kristjan

AU - Katerinopoulos, Athanasios

AU - Kyriakopoulos, Konstantinos

AU - Acquafredda, Pasquale

PY - 2016

Y1 - 2016

N2 - The fumarolic mineralogy of the Icelandic active volcanoes, the Tyrrhenian volcanic belt (Italy) and the Aegean active arc (Greece) is investigated, and literature data surveyed in order to define the characteristics of the European fumarolic systems. They show broad diversity of mineral associations, with Vesuvius and Vulcano being also among the world localities richest in mineral species. Volcanic systems, which show recession over a longer period, show fumarolic development from the hightemperature alkaline halide/sulphate, calcic sulphate or sulphidic parageneses, synchronous with or immediately following the eruptions, through mediumtemperature ammonium minerals, metal chlorides, or fluoride associations to the late low-temperature paragenesis dominated by sulphur, gypsum, alunogen, and other hydrous sulphates. The situation can be different in the systems that are not recessing but show fluctuations in activity, illustrated by the example of Vulcano where the high-temperature association appears intermittently. A full survey of the mineralgroups and species is given in respect to their importance and appearance in fumarolic associations.

AB - The fumarolic mineralogy of the Icelandic active volcanoes, the Tyrrhenian volcanic belt (Italy) and the Aegean active arc (Greece) is investigated, and literature data surveyed in order to define the characteristics of the European fumarolic systems. They show broad diversity of mineral associations, with Vesuvius and Vulcano being also among the world localities richest in mineral species. Volcanic systems, which show recession over a longer period, show fumarolic development from the hightemperature alkaline halide/sulphate, calcic sulphate or sulphidic parageneses, synchronous with or immediately following the eruptions, through mediumtemperature ammonium minerals, metal chlorides, or fluoride associations to the late low-temperature paragenesis dominated by sulphur, gypsum, alunogen, and other hydrous sulphates. The situation can be different in the systems that are not recessing but show fluctuations in activity, illustrated by the example of Vulcano where the high-temperature association appears intermittently. A full survey of the mineralgroups and species is given in respect to their importance and appearance in fumarolic associations.

M3 - Book chapter

SP - 267

EP - 322

BT - Updates in Volcanology - From Volcano Modelling to Volcano Geology

A2 - Nemeth, Karoly

PB - InTechOpen

ER -