Fluorinated alkyl substances and technical mixtures used in food paper-packaging exhibit endocrine-related activity in vitro
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Fluorinated alkyl substances and technical mixtures used in food paper-packaging exhibit endocrine-related activity in vitro. / Rosenmai, A. K.; Taxvig, C.; Svingen, T.; Trier, X.; van Vugt-Lussenburg, B. M.A.; Pedersen, M.; Lesné, L.; Jégou, B.; Vinggaard, A. M.
In: Andrology, Vol. 4, No. 4, 2016, p. 662-672.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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T1 - Fluorinated alkyl substances and technical mixtures used in food paper-packaging exhibit endocrine-related activity in vitro
AU - Rosenmai, A. K.
AU - Taxvig, C.
AU - Svingen, T.
AU - Trier, X.
AU - van Vugt-Lussenburg, B. M.A.
AU - Pedersen, M.
AU - Lesné, L.
AU - Jégou, B.
AU - Vinggaard, A. M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2016 American Society of Andrology and European Academy of Andrology
PY - 2016
Y1 - 2016
N2 - Migration of chemicals from packaging materials to foods may lead to human exposure. Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) can be used in technical mixtures (TMs) for use in food packaging of paper and board, and PFAS have been detected in human serum and umbilical cord blood. The specific structures of the PFAS in TMs are often unknown, but polyfluorinated alkyl phosphate esters (PAPs) have been characterized in TMs, food packaging, and in food. PAPs can be metabolized into fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) and perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs). Some PFAS have endocrine activities, highlighting the need to investigate these effects. Herein, we studied the endocrine activity of less characterized PFAS, including short-chain PFCAs and FTOHs, PAPs, and TMs of unknown chemical composition. Long-chain PFCAs were also included. We applied seven assays covering effects on estrogen, glucocorticoid, androgen, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activity, as well as steroidogenesis in vitro and ex vivo. In general, PAPs, FTOHs, TMs, and long-chain PFCAs showed estrogenic activity through receptor activation and/or increasing 17β-estradiol levels. Furthermore, short- and long-chain PFCAs activated PPARα and PPARγ. Collectively, this means that (i) PAPs, FTOHs, and PFCAs exhibit endocrine activity through distinct and sometimes different mechanisms, (ii) two out of three tested TMs exhibited estrogenic activity, and (iii) short-chain FTOHs showed estrogenic activity and short-chain PFCAs generally activate both PPARα and PPARγ with similar potency and efficacy as long-chain PFCAs. In conclusion, several new and divergent toxicological targets were identified for different groups of PFAS.
AB - Migration of chemicals from packaging materials to foods may lead to human exposure. Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) can be used in technical mixtures (TMs) for use in food packaging of paper and board, and PFAS have been detected in human serum and umbilical cord blood. The specific structures of the PFAS in TMs are often unknown, but polyfluorinated alkyl phosphate esters (PAPs) have been characterized in TMs, food packaging, and in food. PAPs can be metabolized into fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) and perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs). Some PFAS have endocrine activities, highlighting the need to investigate these effects. Herein, we studied the endocrine activity of less characterized PFAS, including short-chain PFCAs and FTOHs, PAPs, and TMs of unknown chemical composition. Long-chain PFCAs were also included. We applied seven assays covering effects on estrogen, glucocorticoid, androgen, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activity, as well as steroidogenesis in vitro and ex vivo. In general, PAPs, FTOHs, TMs, and long-chain PFCAs showed estrogenic activity through receptor activation and/or increasing 17β-estradiol levels. Furthermore, short- and long-chain PFCAs activated PPARα and PPARγ. Collectively, this means that (i) PAPs, FTOHs, and PFCAs exhibit endocrine activity through distinct and sometimes different mechanisms, (ii) two out of three tested TMs exhibited estrogenic activity, and (iii) short-chain FTOHs showed estrogenic activity and short-chain PFCAs generally activate both PPARα and PPARγ with similar potency and efficacy as long-chain PFCAs. In conclusion, several new and divergent toxicological targets were identified for different groups of PFAS.
KW - estrogenic activity
KW - fluorotelomer alcohols
KW - perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids
KW - peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
KW - polyfluorinated alkyl phosphate esters
KW - polyfluoroalkyl substances
U2 - 10.1111/andr.12190
DO - 10.1111/andr.12190
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 27152447
AN - SCOPUS:85027947796
VL - 4
SP - 662
EP - 672
JO - Journal of Andrology
JF - Journal of Andrology
SN - 2047-2919
IS - 4
ER -
ID: 333779652