Direct observation of glycans bonded to proteins and lipids at the single-molecule level

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Proteins and lipids decorated with glycans are found throughout biological entities, playing roles in biological functions and dysfunctions. Current analytical strategies for these glycan-decorated biomolecules, termed glycoconjugates, rely on ensemble-averaged methods that do not provide a full view of positions and structures of glycans attached at individual sites in a given molecule, especially for glycoproteins. We show single-molecule analysis of glycoconjugates by direct imaging of individual glycoconjugate molecules using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Intact glycoconjugate ions from electrospray are soft-landed on a surface for their direct single-molecule imaging. The submolecular imaging resolution corroborated by quantum mechanical modeling unveils whole structures and attachment sites of glycans in glycopeptides, glycolipids, N-glycoproteins, and O-glycoproteins densely decorated with glycans.

Original languageEnglish
JournalScience (New York, N.Y.)
Volume382
Issue number6667
Pages (from-to)219-223
Number of pages5
ISSN0036-8075
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2023

    Research areas

  • Glycoconjugates/chemistry, Glycolipids/chemistry, Glycoproteins/chemistry, Polysaccharides/chemistry, Single Molecule Imaging, Mucin-1/chemistry

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