Geometric morphometrics and paleoproteomics enlighten the paleodiversity of Pongo
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Geometric morphometrics and paleoproteomics enlighten the paleodiversity of Pongo. / Kubat, Jülide; Paterson, Ryan; Patramanis, Ioannis; Barker, Graeme; Demeter, Fabrice; Filoux, Arnaud; Kullmer, Ottmar; Mackie, Meaghan; Marques-Bonet, Tomas; Huong, Nguyen Thi Mai; Tuan, Nguyen Anh; Pheng, Sytha; Rippengal, Jessica; Schrenk, Friedemann; Souksavatdy, Viengkeo; Tshen, Lim Tze; Wattanapituksakul, Athiwat; Wang, Wei; Zanolli, Clément; Cappellini, Enrico; Bacon, Anne-Marie.
I: PLoS ONE, Bind 18, Nr. 12, e0291308, 2023.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Geometric morphometrics and paleoproteomics enlighten the paleodiversity of Pongo
AU - Kubat, Jülide
AU - Paterson, Ryan
AU - Patramanis, Ioannis
AU - Barker, Graeme
AU - Demeter, Fabrice
AU - Filoux, Arnaud
AU - Kullmer, Ottmar
AU - Mackie, Meaghan
AU - Marques-Bonet, Tomas
AU - Huong, Nguyen Thi Mai
AU - Tuan, Nguyen Anh
AU - Pheng, Sytha
AU - Rippengal, Jessica
AU - Schrenk, Friedemann
AU - Souksavatdy, Viengkeo
AU - Tshen, Lim Tze
AU - Wattanapituksakul, Athiwat
AU - Wang, Wei
AU - Zanolli, Clément
AU - Cappellini, Enrico
AU - Bacon, Anne-Marie
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023 Kubat et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Pleistocene Pongo teeth show substantial variation in size and morphology, fueling taxonomic debates about the paleodiversity of the genus. We investigated prominent features of the enamel-dentine-junction junction (EDJ)–phylogenetically informative internal structures–of 71 fossil Pongo lower molars from various sites by applying geometric morphometrics and conducted paleoproteomic analyses from enamel proteins to attempt to identify extinct orangutan species. Forty-three orangutan lower molars representing Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii were included for comparison. The shape of the EDJ was analyzed by placing five landmarks on the tip of the main dentine horns, and 142 semilandmarks along the marginal ridges connecting the dentine horns. Paleoproteomic analyses were conducted on 15 teeth of Late Pleistocene Pongo using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. The geometric morphometric results show variations in EDJ shape regarding aspects of the height and position of the dentine horns and connecting ridges. Despite the issue of molar position and sample size, modern molars are distinguished from fossil counterparts by their elongated tooth outline and narrowly positioned dentine horns. Proteomic results show that neither a distinction of P. pygmaeus and P. abelii, nor a consistent allocation of fossil specimens to extant species is feasible. Based on the EDJ shape, the (late) Middle to Late Pleistocene Pongo samples from Vietnam share the same morphospace, supporting the previous allocation to P. devosi, although substantial overlap with Chinese fossils could also indicate close affinities with P. weidenreichi. The hypothesis that both species represent one chronospecies cannot be ruled out. Two fossil specimens, one from Tam Hay Marklot (Laos, Late Pleistocene), and another from Sangiran (Java, Early to Middle Pleistocene), along with some specimens within the Punung sample (Java), exhibit affinities with Pongo abelii. The Punung fossils might represent a mix of early Late Pleistocene and later specimens (terminal Pleistocene to Holocene) related to modern Pongo. The taxonomy and phylogeny of the complete Punung sample needs to be further investigated.
AB - Pleistocene Pongo teeth show substantial variation in size and morphology, fueling taxonomic debates about the paleodiversity of the genus. We investigated prominent features of the enamel-dentine-junction junction (EDJ)–phylogenetically informative internal structures–of 71 fossil Pongo lower molars from various sites by applying geometric morphometrics and conducted paleoproteomic analyses from enamel proteins to attempt to identify extinct orangutan species. Forty-three orangutan lower molars representing Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii were included for comparison. The shape of the EDJ was analyzed by placing five landmarks on the tip of the main dentine horns, and 142 semilandmarks along the marginal ridges connecting the dentine horns. Paleoproteomic analyses were conducted on 15 teeth of Late Pleistocene Pongo using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. The geometric morphometric results show variations in EDJ shape regarding aspects of the height and position of the dentine horns and connecting ridges. Despite the issue of molar position and sample size, modern molars are distinguished from fossil counterparts by their elongated tooth outline and narrowly positioned dentine horns. Proteomic results show that neither a distinction of P. pygmaeus and P. abelii, nor a consistent allocation of fossil specimens to extant species is feasible. Based on the EDJ shape, the (late) Middle to Late Pleistocene Pongo samples from Vietnam share the same morphospace, supporting the previous allocation to P. devosi, although substantial overlap with Chinese fossils could also indicate close affinities with P. weidenreichi. The hypothesis that both species represent one chronospecies cannot be ruled out. Two fossil specimens, one from Tam Hay Marklot (Laos, Late Pleistocene), and another from Sangiran (Java, Early to Middle Pleistocene), along with some specimens within the Punung sample (Java), exhibit affinities with Pongo abelii. The Punung fossils might represent a mix of early Late Pleistocene and later specimens (terminal Pleistocene to Holocene) related to modern Pongo. The taxonomy and phylogeny of the complete Punung sample needs to be further investigated.
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0291308
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0291308
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 38100471
AN - SCOPUS:85179904430
VL - 18
JO - PLoS ONE
JF - PLoS ONE
SN - 1932-6203
IS - 12
M1 - e0291308
ER -
ID: 378763901