TY - JOUR

T1 - Resolution of eleven reported and five novel Podaxis species based on ITS phylogeny, phylogenomics, morphology, ecology, and geographic distribution

AU - Li, G. S.

AU - Leal-Dutra, C. A.

AU - Cuesta-Maté, A.

AU - Conlon, B. H.

AU - Peereboom, N.

AU - Beemelmanns, C.

AU - Aanen, D. K.

AU - Rosendahl, S.

AU - de Beer, Z. W.

AU - Poulsen, M.

N1 - Funding Information: Acknowledgements We thank the South African National Collection of Fungi at the Agricultural Research Council at Roodeplaat (PREM), Pretoria, South Africa; Uppsala Museum of Evolution Records (UPS), Uppsala, Sweden; Fungarium at Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (K(M)), Richmond, United Kingdom; H.G.W.J. Schweickerdt Herbarium (PRUM), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Linnean Society of London (LINN), United Kingdom; Queensland Herbarium (BRI), Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Queensland, Australia; University Herbarium (UC), University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; and Natural History Museum of Denmark (C), Copenhagen, Denmark; Farlow Reference Library and Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany (FH), Harvard University, Cambridge, U.S.A. for access to samples. We thank Ulrik Søchting and members of the Social and Symbiotic Group at the University of Copenhagen for critical comments to a draft of this manuscript. This work was supported by The Danish Council for Independent Research (DFF-7014-00178) to MP and the German Research Foundation (DFG, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) under project BE 4799/4-1 (Research Unit grant ‘Cytolabs’, DFG-FOR-5170) to CB. Guangshuo Li was supported by a PhD fellowship from the China Scholarship Council (CSC). Funding Information: We thank the South African National Collection of Fungi at the Agricultural Research Council at Roodeplaat (PREM), Pretoria, South Africa; Uppsala Museum of Evolution Records (UPS), Uppsala, Sweden; Fungarium at Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (K(M)), Richmond, United Kingdom; H.G.W.J. Schweickerdt Herbarium (PRUM), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Linnean Society of London (LINN), United Kingdom; Queensland Herbarium (BRI), Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Queensland, Australia; University Herbarium (UC), University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; and Natural History Museum of Denmark (C), Copenhagen, Denmark; Farlow Reference Library and Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany (FH), Harvard University, Cambridge, U.S.A. for access to samples. We thank Ulrik Søchting and members of the Social and Symbiotic Group at the University of Copenhagen for critical comments to a draft of this manuscript. This work was supported by The Danish Council for Independent Research (DFF-7014-00178) to MP and the German Research Foundation (DFG, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) under project BE 4799/4-1 (Research Unit grant ‘Cytolabs’, DFG-FOR-5170) to CB. Guangshuo Li was supported by a PhD fellowship from the China Scholarship Council (CSC). Publisher Copyright: © 2023 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute.

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - The genus Podaxis was first described from India by Linnaeus in 1771, but several revisions of the genus have left the taxonomy unclear. Forty-four Podaxis species names and nine intraspecific varieties are currently accepted, but most fungarium specimens are labelled Podaxis pistillaris. Recent molecular analyses based on barcoding genes suggest that the genus comprises several species, but their status is largely unresolved. Here we obtained basidiospores and photographs from 166 fungarium specimens from around the world and generated a phylogeny based on rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 (ITS), and a phylogenomic analysis of 3 839 BUSCO genes from low-coverage genomes for a subset of the specimens. Combining phylogenetics, phylogenomics, morphology, ecology, and geographical distribution, spanning 250 years of collections, we propose that the genus includes at least 16 unambiguous species. Based on 10 type specimens (holotype, paratype, and syntype), four recorded species were confirmed, P. carcinomalis, P. deflersii, P. emerici, and P. farlowii. Comparing phylogenetic analysis with described species, including morphology, ecology, and distribution, we resurrected P. termitophilus and designated neotypes, epitypes, or lectotypes for five previously described species, P. aegyptiacus, P. africana, P. beringamensis, P. calyptratus, and P. perraldieri. Lastly, based on phylogenies and morphology of type material, we synonymized three reported species, P. algericus, P. arabicus, and P. rugospora with P. pistillaris, and described five new species that we named P. desolatus, P. inyoensis, P. mareebaensis, P. namaquensis, and P. namibensis.

AB - The genus Podaxis was first described from India by Linnaeus in 1771, but several revisions of the genus have left the taxonomy unclear. Forty-four Podaxis species names and nine intraspecific varieties are currently accepted, but most fungarium specimens are labelled Podaxis pistillaris. Recent molecular analyses based on barcoding genes suggest that the genus comprises several species, but their status is largely unresolved. Here we obtained basidiospores and photographs from 166 fungarium specimens from around the world and generated a phylogeny based on rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 (ITS), and a phylogenomic analysis of 3 839 BUSCO genes from low-coverage genomes for a subset of the specimens. Combining phylogenetics, phylogenomics, morphology, ecology, and geographical distribution, spanning 250 years of collections, we propose that the genus includes at least 16 unambiguous species. Based on 10 type specimens (holotype, paratype, and syntype), four recorded species were confirmed, P. carcinomalis, P. deflersii, P. emerici, and P. farlowii. Comparing phylogenetic analysis with described species, including morphology, ecology, and distribution, we resurrected P. termitophilus and designated neotypes, epitypes, or lectotypes for five previously described species, P. aegyptiacus, P. africana, P. beringamensis, P. calyptratus, and P. perraldieri. Lastly, based on phylogenies and morphology of type material, we synonymized three reported species, P. algericus, P. arabicus, and P. rugospora with P. pistillaris, and described five new species that we named P. desolatus, P. inyoensis, P. mareebaensis, P. namaquensis, and P. namibensis.

KW - Agaricaceae

KW - ecology

KW - fungaria

KW - geography

KW - museomics

KW - novel species

KW - phylogenomics

KW - Podaxis

KW - typification

U2 - 10.3767/persoonia.2023.51.07

DO - 10.3767/persoonia.2023.51.07

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:85183910704

VL - 51

SP - 257

EP - 279

JO - Persoonia: Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi

JF - Persoonia: Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi

SN - 0031-5850

ER -