Traffic flow and microbial air contamination in operating rooms at a major teaching hospital in Ghana
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Traffic flow and microbial air contamination in operating rooms at a major teaching hospital in Ghana. / Stauning, M. T.; Bediako-Bowan, A.; Andersen, L. P.; Opintan, J. A.; Labi, A. K.; Kurtzhals, J. A.L.; Bjerrum, S.
In: Journal of Hospital Infection, Vol. 99, No. 3, 01.07.2018, p. 263-270.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Traffic flow and microbial air contamination in operating rooms at a major teaching hospital in Ghana
AU - Stauning, M. T.
AU - Bediako-Bowan, A.
AU - Andersen, L. P.
AU - Opintan, J. A.
AU - Labi, A. K.
AU - Kurtzhals, J. A.L.
AU - Bjerrum, S.
N1 - Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
PY - 2018/7/1
Y1 - 2018/7/1
N2 - Background: Current literature examining the relationship between door-opening rate, number of people present, and microbial air contamination in the operating room is limited. Studies are especially needed from low- and middle-income countries, where the risk of surgical site infections is high. Aim: To assess microbial air contamination in operating rooms at a Ghanaian teaching hospital and the association with door-openings and number of people present. Moreover, we aimed to document reasons for door-opening. Methods: We conducted active air-sampling using an MAS 100® portable impactor during 124 clean or clean-contaminated elective surgical procedures. The number of people present, door-opening rate and the reasons for each door-opening were recorded by direct observation using pretested structured observation forms. Findings: During surgery, the mean number of colony-forming units (cfu) was 328 cfu/m3 air, and 429 (84%) of 510 samples exceeded a recommended level of 180 cfu/m3. Of 6717 door-openings recorded, 77% were considered unnecessary. Levels of cfu/m3 were strongly correlated with the number of people present (P = 0.001) and with the number of door-openings/h (P = 0.02). In empty operating rooms, the mean cfu count was 39 cfu/m3 after 1 h of uninterrupted ventilation and 52 (51%) of 102 samples exceeded a recommended level of 35 cfu/m3. Conclusion: The study revealed high values of intraoperative airborne cfu exceeding recommended levels. Minimizing the number of door-openings and people present during surgery could be an effective strategy to reduce microbial air contamination in low- and middle-income settings.
AB - Background: Current literature examining the relationship between door-opening rate, number of people present, and microbial air contamination in the operating room is limited. Studies are especially needed from low- and middle-income countries, where the risk of surgical site infections is high. Aim: To assess microbial air contamination in operating rooms at a Ghanaian teaching hospital and the association with door-openings and number of people present. Moreover, we aimed to document reasons for door-opening. Methods: We conducted active air-sampling using an MAS 100® portable impactor during 124 clean or clean-contaminated elective surgical procedures. The number of people present, door-opening rate and the reasons for each door-opening were recorded by direct observation using pretested structured observation forms. Findings: During surgery, the mean number of colony-forming units (cfu) was 328 cfu/m3 air, and 429 (84%) of 510 samples exceeded a recommended level of 180 cfu/m3. Of 6717 door-openings recorded, 77% were considered unnecessary. Levels of cfu/m3 were strongly correlated with the number of people present (P = 0.001) and with the number of door-openings/h (P = 0.02). In empty operating rooms, the mean cfu count was 39 cfu/m3 after 1 h of uninterrupted ventilation and 52 (51%) of 102 samples exceeded a recommended level of 35 cfu/m3. Conclusion: The study revealed high values of intraoperative airborne cfu exceeding recommended levels. Minimizing the number of door-openings and people present during surgery could be an effective strategy to reduce microbial air contamination in low- and middle-income settings.
KW - Airborne bacteria
KW - Infection control
KW - Low- and middle-income countries
KW - Operating rooms
KW - Staff behaviour
KW - Traffic flow
KW - Air Microbiology
KW - Humans
KW - Male
KW - Ghana
KW - Colony Count, Microbial
KW - Health Personnel
KW - Hospitals, Teaching
KW - Operating Rooms
KW - Female
U2 - 10.1016/j.jhin.2017.12.010
DO - 10.1016/j.jhin.2017.12.010
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 29253624
AN - SCOPUS:85041680684
VL - 99
SP - 263
EP - 270
JO - Journal of Hospital Infection
JF - Journal of Hospital Infection
SN - 0195-6701
IS - 3
ER -
ID: 189862026