Background: There is wide variation in the psychosocial response to false-positive mammography. We aimed to assess whether women having to wait longer to exclude cancer had increased psychosocial consequences that persisted after cancer was ruled out. Findings: We selected women with false-positive mammography (n = 272), screened for breast cancer in Copenhagen and Funen (Denmark) over a 1-year period. We measured psychosocial consequences immediately before women attended their recall visit and 1, 6, 18 and 36 months after women received their final diagnosis. After women were told that cancer had been ruled out, adverse psychosocial consequences decreased with time. We found no statistically significant differences between women who had cancer ruled out immediately at the recall visit (waiting time of 0) and women who had to wait longer before cancer was ruled out (waiting times 1-30, 30-120 and > 120 days), when psychosocial consequences were measured via a condition-specific questionnaire (Consequences of Screening in Breast Cancer) at 5 time points (0, 1, 6, 18 and 36 months after cancer exclusion). Conclusion: We did not confirm that waiting time was associated with worse long-term psychosocial consequences but type II error (failure to detect a true difference) might be a plausible explanation for our results.