TY - JOUR

T1 - Interactions of macrophages with probiotic bacteria lead to increased antiviral response against vesicular stomatitis virus

AU - Ivec, Martin

AU - Botic, Tanja

AU - Koren, Srecko

AU - Jakobsen, Mogens

AU - Weingartl, Hana

AU - Cencic, Avrelija

PY - 2007

Y1 - 2007

N2 - Macrophages are an important cellular component of the innate immune system and are normally rapidly recruited and/or activated at the site of virus infection. They can participate in the antiviral response by killing infected cells, by producing antiviral cytokines such as nitric oxide and by producing chemokines and immunoregulatory cytokines that enable the adaptive immune response to recognize infected cells and perform antiviral effector functions. Probiotics, as a part of the normal gut intestinal flora, are important in supporting a functional yet balanced immune system. Improving our understanding of their role in the activation of macrophages and their stimulation of proinflammatory cytokine production in early viral infection was the main goal of this study. Our in vitro model study showed that probiotic bacteria, either from the species Lactobacillus or Bifidobacteria have the ability to decrease viral infection by establishing the antiviral state in macrophages, by production of NO and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 and interferon-gamma. These effects correlated with the mitochondrial activity of infected macrophages, therefore, the measurements of mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity could be implied as the first indicator of potential inhibitory effects of the probiotics on virus replication. The interactions between probiotic bacteria, macrophages and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), markedly depended on the bacterial strain studied.

AB - Macrophages are an important cellular component of the innate immune system and are normally rapidly recruited and/or activated at the site of virus infection. They can participate in the antiviral response by killing infected cells, by producing antiviral cytokines such as nitric oxide and by producing chemokines and immunoregulatory cytokines that enable the adaptive immune response to recognize infected cells and perform antiviral effector functions. Probiotics, as a part of the normal gut intestinal flora, are important in supporting a functional yet balanced immune system. Improving our understanding of their role in the activation of macrophages and their stimulation of proinflammatory cytokine production in early viral infection was the main goal of this study. Our in vitro model study showed that probiotic bacteria, either from the species Lactobacillus or Bifidobacteria have the ability to decrease viral infection by establishing the antiviral state in macrophages, by production of NO and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 and interferon-gamma. These effects correlated with the mitochondrial activity of infected macrophages, therefore, the measurements of mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity could be implied as the first indicator of potential inhibitory effects of the probiotics on virus replication. The interactions between probiotic bacteria, macrophages and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), markedly depended on the bacterial strain studied.

KW - Former LIFE faculty

KW - Macrophages; Lactobacillus; Bifidobacteria; Antiviral activity; NO; Inflammatory cytokines

U2 - 10.1016/j.antiviral.2007.03.013

DO - 10.1016/j.antiviral.2007.03.013

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 17512614

VL - 75

SP - 266

EP - 274

JO - Antiviral Research

JF - Antiviral Research

SN - 0166-3542

IS - 3

ER -