Exposure to ultrafine particles while walking or bicycling during COVID-19 closures: A repeated measures study in Copenhagen, Denmark
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Exposure to ultrafine particles while walking or bicycling during COVID-19 closures : A repeated measures study in Copenhagen, Denmark. / Bergmann, M. L.; Andersen, Z. J.; Amini, H.; Ellermann, T.; Hertel, O.; Lim, Y. H.; Loft, S.; Mehta, A.; Westendorp, R. G.; Cole-Hunter, T.
In: Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 791, 148301, 2021.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Exposure to ultrafine particles while walking or bicycling during COVID-19 closures
T2 - A repeated measures study in Copenhagen, Denmark
AU - Bergmann, M. L.
AU - Andersen, Z. J.
AU - Amini, H.
AU - Ellermann, T.
AU - Hertel, O.
AU - Lim, Y. H.
AU - Loft, S.
AU - Mehta, A.
AU - Westendorp, R. G.
AU - Cole-Hunter, T.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Ultrafine particles (UFP; particulatematterFrom late-March to mid-July 2020, UFP was repeatedly measured while walking or bicycling, capturing local COVID-19 closure (`Phase 0') and subsequent phased re-opening (`Phase 1', '2', '2.1' & '3'). A DiSCmini continuouslymeasured particle number concentration (PNC) in thewalker/bicyclist's breathing zone. PNCwhilewalking or bicycling was compared across phased re-openings, and the effect of ambient temperature, wind speed and direction was determined using regression models.Approximately 40 repeated 20-minute walking and bicycling laps were made over 4 months during societal reopening phases related to the COVID-19 pandemic (late-March to mid-July 2020) in Copenhagen. Highest median PNC exposure of both walking ( 13,170 pt/cm(3), standard deviation (SD): 3560 pt/cm(3)) and bicycling (21,477 pt/cm(3), SD: 8964) was seen during societal closures (Phase 0) and decreased to 5367 pt/cm(3) (SD: 2949) and 8714 pt/cm(3) (SD: 4309) in Phase 3 of re-opening. These reductions in PNC were mainly explained by meteorological conditions, with most of the deviation explained by wind speed (14-22%) and temperature (10-13%). Highest PNC was observed along major roads and intersections.In conclusion, we observed decreases in UFP exposure while walking and bicycling during societal re-opening phases related to the COVID-19 pandemic, due largely to meteorological factors (e.g., wind speed and temperature) and seasonal variations in UFP levels. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
AB - Ultrafine particles (UFP; particulatematterFrom late-March to mid-July 2020, UFP was repeatedly measured while walking or bicycling, capturing local COVID-19 closure (`Phase 0') and subsequent phased re-opening (`Phase 1', '2', '2.1' & '3'). A DiSCmini continuouslymeasured particle number concentration (PNC) in thewalker/bicyclist's breathing zone. PNCwhilewalking or bicycling was compared across phased re-openings, and the effect of ambient temperature, wind speed and direction was determined using regression models.Approximately 40 repeated 20-minute walking and bicycling laps were made over 4 months during societal reopening phases related to the COVID-19 pandemic (late-March to mid-July 2020) in Copenhagen. Highest median PNC exposure of both walking ( 13,170 pt/cm(3), standard deviation (SD): 3560 pt/cm(3)) and bicycling (21,477 pt/cm(3), SD: 8964) was seen during societal closures (Phase 0) and decreased to 5367 pt/cm(3) (SD: 2949) and 8714 pt/cm(3) (SD: 4309) in Phase 3 of re-opening. These reductions in PNC were mainly explained by meteorological conditions, with most of the deviation explained by wind speed (14-22%) and temperature (10-13%). Highest PNC was observed along major roads and intersections.In conclusion, we observed decreases in UFP exposure while walking and bicycling during societal re-opening phases related to the COVID-19 pandemic, due largely to meteorological factors (e.g., wind speed and temperature) and seasonal variations in UFP levels. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
KW - Air pollution
KW - Bicycling
KW - COVID-19
KW - Environmental exposure
KW - Ultrafine particles
KW - Walking
KW - AIR-POLLUTION EXPOSURES
KW - PARTICULATE MATTER
KW - PERSONAL EXPOSURE
KW - COMMUTER EXPOSURE
KW - CYCLIST EXPOSURE
KW - CARBON-MONOXIDE
KW - URBAN ROUTES
KW - BLACK CARBON
KW - TRANSPORT
KW - COUNTS
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148301
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148301
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 34412377
VL - 791
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
SN - 0048-9697
M1 - 148301
ER -
ID: 276610263