TY - JOUR

T1 - Cardiac vagal tone as a novel screening tool to recognize asymptomatic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy

T2 - Aspects of utility in type 1 diabetes

AU - Wegeberg, Anne Marie

AU - Lunde, Elin D.

AU - Riahi, Sam

AU - Ejskjaer, Niels

AU - Drewes, Asbjørn M.

AU - Brock, Birgitte

AU - Pop-Busui, Rodica

AU - Brock, Christina

PY - 2020

Y1 - 2020

N2 - Aims: To test the performance of the cardiac vagal tone (CVT) derived from a 5-minute ECG recording compared with the standardized cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests (CARTs). Methods: Cross-sectional study included 56 well-phenotyped adults with type 1 diabetes (19–71 years, 2–54 years disease-duration). Autonomic testing included: standardized CARTs obtained with the VAGUS™, CVT, and indices of heart rate variability (HRV) obtained at 24- and 120-hour, and electrochemical skin conductance assessed with SUDOSCAN®. ROC AUC and cut-off values were calculated for CVT to recognize CAN based on ≥ 2 (established CAN, n = 7) or 1 (borderline CAN, n = 9) abnormal CARTs and compared to HRV indices and electrochemical skin conductance. Results: Established CAN: The cut-off CVT value of 3.2LVS showed 67% sensitivity and 87% specificity (p = 0.01). Indices of HRV at either 24-hour (AUC > 0.90) and 120-hour (AUC > 0.88) performed better than CVT. Borderline CAN: The cut-off CVT value of 5.2LVS indicated 88% sensitivity and 63% specificity (p = 0.07). CVT performed better than HRV indices (AUC < 0.72). Electrochemical skin conductance (AUC:0.63–0.72) had lower sensitivity and specificity compared with CVT. Conclusions: Implementation of CVT with a clinically applicable cut-off value may be considered a quicker and accessible screening tool which could ultimately decrease the number of unrecognized CAN and initiate earlier prevention initiatives.

AB - Aims: To test the performance of the cardiac vagal tone (CVT) derived from a 5-minute ECG recording compared with the standardized cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests (CARTs). Methods: Cross-sectional study included 56 well-phenotyped adults with type 1 diabetes (19–71 years, 2–54 years disease-duration). Autonomic testing included: standardized CARTs obtained with the VAGUS™, CVT, and indices of heart rate variability (HRV) obtained at 24- and 120-hour, and electrochemical skin conductance assessed with SUDOSCAN®. ROC AUC and cut-off values were calculated for CVT to recognize CAN based on ≥ 2 (established CAN, n = 7) or 1 (borderline CAN, n = 9) abnormal CARTs and compared to HRV indices and electrochemical skin conductance. Results: Established CAN: The cut-off CVT value of 3.2LVS showed 67% sensitivity and 87% specificity (p = 0.01). Indices of HRV at either 24-hour (AUC > 0.90) and 120-hour (AUC > 0.88) performed better than CVT. Borderline CAN: The cut-off CVT value of 5.2LVS indicated 88% sensitivity and 63% specificity (p = 0.07). CVT performed better than HRV indices (AUC < 0.72). Electrochemical skin conductance (AUC:0.63–0.72) had lower sensitivity and specificity compared with CVT. Conclusions: Implementation of CVT with a clinically applicable cut-off value may be considered a quicker and accessible screening tool which could ultimately decrease the number of unrecognized CAN and initiate earlier prevention initiatives.

KW - Cardiac vagal tone

KW - Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy

KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1

KW - Diabetic neuropathies

KW - Screening

KW - Sensitivity and specificity

U2 - 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108517

DO - 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108517

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 33096186

AN - SCOPUS:85094898757

VL - 170

JO - Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

JF - Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

SN - 0168-8227

M1 - 108517

ER -