TY - JOUR

T1 - Both Reactivity and Accessibility Are Important in Cytochrome P450 Metabolism

T2 - A Combined DFT and MD Study of Fenamic Acids in BM3 Mutants

AU - Leth, Rasmus

AU - Ercig, Bogac

AU - Olsen, Lars

AU - Jørgensen, Flemming Steen

PY - 2019/2/25

Y1 - 2019/2/25

N2 - Cytochrome P450 102A1 from Bacillus megaterium (BM3) is a fatty acid hydroxylase that has one of the highest turnover rates of any mono-oxygenase. Recent studies have shown how mutants of BM3 can produce metabolites of known drug compounds similar to those observed in humans. Single-point mutations in the binding pocket change the regioselective metabolism of fenamic acids from aromatic hydroxylation to aliphatic hydroxylation. This study is concerned with the individual contribution from accessibility and reactivity for drug metabolism with a future goal to develop fast methods for prediction. For a BM3 M11 mutant as well as the M11 V87F and M11 V87I mutants, we studied the metabolism of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) mefenamic acid, meclofenamic acid, tolfenamic acid, and diclofenac. Density functional theory (DFT; B3LYP and B3LYP-D3) calculations for all possible reactions were performed using a porphyrin model reacting with the four substrates. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to determine the potential sites of metabolism that are accessible. Finally, we combine reactivity and accessibility for each potential site to interpret the experimentally determined metabolism. Generally, the 3 and 5 positions (on the ring containing the acidic substituent) and the 2, 3, and 4 positions are most reactive, whereas 4, 5, 3, and 4 are most accessible. Combining reactivity and accessibility show that the 5, 3, and 4 positions are predicted to be most prone to be metabolized, in agreement with experimentally observed data. Reactivity seems to be the dominant factor in the CYP-mediated metabolism of these NSAIDs, which is consistent with previously published methods based solely on reactivity.

AB - Cytochrome P450 102A1 from Bacillus megaterium (BM3) is a fatty acid hydroxylase that has one of the highest turnover rates of any mono-oxygenase. Recent studies have shown how mutants of BM3 can produce metabolites of known drug compounds similar to those observed in humans. Single-point mutations in the binding pocket change the regioselective metabolism of fenamic acids from aromatic hydroxylation to aliphatic hydroxylation. This study is concerned with the individual contribution from accessibility and reactivity for drug metabolism with a future goal to develop fast methods for prediction. For a BM3 M11 mutant as well as the M11 V87F and M11 V87I mutants, we studied the metabolism of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) mefenamic acid, meclofenamic acid, tolfenamic acid, and diclofenac. Density functional theory (DFT; B3LYP and B3LYP-D3) calculations for all possible reactions were performed using a porphyrin model reacting with the four substrates. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to determine the potential sites of metabolism that are accessible. Finally, we combine reactivity and accessibility for each potential site to interpret the experimentally determined metabolism. Generally, the 3 and 5 positions (on the ring containing the acidic substituent) and the 2, 3, and 4 positions are most reactive, whereas 4, 5, 3, and 4 are most accessible. Combining reactivity and accessibility show that the 5, 3, and 4 positions are predicted to be most prone to be metabolized, in agreement with experimentally observed data. Reactivity seems to be the dominant factor in the CYP-mediated metabolism of these NSAIDs, which is consistent with previously published methods based solely on reactivity.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85062084069&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00750

DO - 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00750

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 30758202

AN - SCOPUS:85062084069

VL - 59

SP - 743

EP - 753

JO - Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling

JF - Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling

SN - 1549-9596

IS - 2

ER -