This presentation will discuss Chinese interests in the Arctic, especially in Greenland, in the context of Denmark-China relations, since Greenland is a constituent part of the Kingdom of Denmark. The relations between China and Greenland and Denmark constitute a puzzle since on one hand Denmark and China agreed on a ‘comprehensive strategic partnership’, but on the other hand Chinese research interests in Greenland and China-Greenland relations more generally have caused some concern in Denmark. To comprehend that a broader view on Greenland-Denmark relations are needed. The presentation will focus on the case of research policy as an area of interest in the China-Greenland relations, as it is presented in the recently issued white paper on “China’s Arctic Policy” (26 Janary 2018), to discuss the puzzle of why China’s interest in Greenland causes concerns in Denmark.